U.S. President Barack Obama gives a statement to reporters on Sept. 29, 2013 to discuss the government shutdown of Oct. 1, which will shut down much of NASA. (White House)
NASA is among those federal government agencies that will experience a near total closure Tuesday as the threatened government shutdown became reality Oct. 1. But a government shutdown should not endanger American astronauts currently in space.
"NASA will shut down almost entirely, but Mission Control will remain open to support the astronauts serving on the space station," U.S. President Barack Obama said Monday during a statement delivered from the White House.
There are currently two NASA astronauts living on the International Space Station. Veteran astronaut Karen Nyberg has been living on the station since May and is midway through a months-long spaceflight. First-time space traveler Mike Hopkins, meanwhile, launched into space on Sept. 25 to begin his six-month stay.
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Nyberg and Hopkins are two of six crewmembers on the space station's current Expedition 37 crew. Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano and Russian cosmonauts Fyodor Yurchikhin, Oleg Kotov and Sergey Ryazanskiy. [Amazing Space Photos by Astronaut Karen Nyberg]
A government shutdown is set to begin Tuesday after Congress failed to fund the federal government beyond the end of the current fiscal year.
NASA's government shutdown plan was released on Friday, Sept. 27. That plan includes closing down the majority of its operations and placing most if its thousands-strong workforce on furlough.
Less than 600 of the space agency's 18,000 employees will continue working, NASA officials explained in the plan submitted to the Office of Management and Budget.
"To protect the life of the crew as well as the assets themselves, we would continue to support planned operations of the ISS [space station] during any funding hiatus," the NASA plan states. "Moreover, NASA will be closely monitoring the impact of an extended shutdown to determine if crew transportation or cargo resupply services are required to mitigate imminent threats to life and property on the ISS or other areas."
According to the plan, satellites and spacecraft currently in space will be maintained, though measurements, amazing photos and other data will have to be safeguarded for the duration of the shutdown. But spacecraft and satellites that have not yet been launched would likely be grounded or have work stop on those projects.
"The extent of support necessary and the time needed to safely cease project activities will depend on whether any of the activities are of a hazardous nature (e.g., parts of the satellite may need to be cooled)," NASA's shutdown plan states.
NASA currently has a fleet of active spacecraft and rovers exploring different parts of the solar system and beyond. Many satellites are orbiting the Earth to study our home planet, while other probes orbit the moon, Mercury, Mars and Saturn. NASA's Mars rover Curiosity and the smaller Opportunity rover are driving across the Martian surface.
Still more spacecraft, like the Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope, are peering deep into the universe, while other observatories, like the Solar Dynamics Observatory, study the sun.
Other spacecraft are simply in transit, in the gulf between planets. NASA's New Horizons spacecraft is streaking through the outer solar system for a planned July 2015 flyby of Pluto. It launched in 2006.
NASA's Juno spacecraft, meanwhile, has covered half of the distance it will travel on its mission to Jupiter. The probe launched in August 2011 and is expected to fly by Earth on Oct. 9 to grab a speed boost for the rest of its journey to Jupiter. Juno is due to arrive at Jupiter in July 2016 to study the planet in unprecedented detail.
And then there is Voyager 1, the farthest manmade spacecraft in history. Voyager 1 is hurtling through interstellar space far from the political squabbles surrounding Tuesday's looming government shutdown. It entered interstellar space in August 2012.
You can read more about NASA's government-shutdown plan here: www.nasa.gov/news/budget/index.html